A Massacre Unfolding: Documenting Crimes Against Humanity
Following the October 2025 Elections
Tanzania stands at a precipice. What began as a fraudulent election on October 29, 2025, has descended into systematic state violence against civilians.
Comprehensive visual documentation of the October 2025 Tanzania crisis is available to verified researchers, journalists, human rights organizations, and legal professionals.
This includes photographs and video evidence documenting the violence and human rights violations.
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With credible reports indicating 700+ deaths, widespread enforced disappearances, torture, and the deployment of military forces against peaceful protesters, Tanzania is experiencing what can only be described as crimes against humanity.
This document presents evidence of a coordinated campaign of repression orchestrated by key figures within the Tanzanian government, security apparatus, and political establishment. The international community must act immediately through targeted sanctions, arms embargoes, and referral to the International Criminal Court before this massacre claims more innocent lives.
The time for silence has ended. The time for action is now.
2019 - 2025: How Tanzania Descended Into Crisis
Start of systematic campaign of enforced disappearances targeting opposition figures and activists. UN experts later document over 200 cases since this period.
Key Perpetrators: Intelligence services under Suleiman Mombo, Political Desk under Thobias Mwesiga
Presidential election marked by violence, intimidation, and irregularities. Amnesty International documents widespread violations. Foundation laid for current crisis.
Context: Under President John Magufuli's administration
Following death of President Magufuli, Vice President Samia Suluhu Hassan becomes Tanzania's first female president. Initial hope for reform quickly dashed.
Key Figure: President Samia Suluhu Hassan - bears ultimate command responsibility
Tanzania Human Rights Defenders Coalition documents 48 attacks on activists. Tanganyika Law Society records 83 mysterious disappearances. Climate of fear intensifies.
Key Perpetrators: Abdul Hafidh Ameir (President's son) identified as abduction squad mastermind
Senior CHADEMA strategist abducted from bus in Dar es Salaam. Body found dumped near Indian Ocean one day later. Brutal message to opposition.
Suspected: Security forces under Police Commander Jumanne Muliro, intelligence operatives
CHADEMA leader arrested after calling for electoral reforms. Charged with treason (death penalty). CHADEMA banned from fielding candidates until 2030.
Key Perpetrators: Electoral Commission Chair Jacobs Mwambegele, Judge Hamidu Mwanga, Police leadership
Kenyan activist Boniface Mwangi and Ugandan journalist Agather Atuhaire detained while attempting to attend Lissu's trial. Both tortured. Atuhaire sexually assaulted. Dumped across borders.
Key Perpetrators: Intelligence services, security forces demonstrating pattern of torture and sexual violence
UN panel of 9 experts documents over 200 enforced disappearances since 2019. Calls government actions 'unacceptable.' Warns of pattern of escalating repression.
International Warning: Clear documentation of systematic crimes against humanity
Human Rights Watch and Amnesty International release comprehensive reports documenting systematic violations: assault, harassment, abduction, torture, media restrictions. Both warn elections at 'great risk.'
Pattern Established: Widespread, systematic attack on civilian population documented
Fraudulent election with main opponents excluded. Hassan declared winner with 98%. Protests erupt in Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Arusha. Security forces open fire with live ammunition. Internet shutdown imposed. Minimum 2 deaths reported on Day 1.
Key Perpetrators: President Hassan, Police IGP Wambura, Regional Commanders, ICT Minister Silaa (internet shutdown)
Violence spreads across multiple cities. Military deployed alongside police. Nationwide curfew imposed. UN confirms at least 10 deaths. Opposition CHADEMA reports up to 700 deaths (350 in Dar es Salaam, 200+ in Mwanza). Buildings burned, government offices attacked by desperate citizens.
Key Perpetrators: Army Chief Mkunda (calls protesters 'criminals'), Regional Police Commanders executing massacre
Hassan receives winner's certificate with 98% vote. Publicly justifies violence, stating 'we will take all actions and involve all security agencies.' EU condemns election as 'fraud.' UN Secretary-General deplores loss of life, calls for investigation.
Direct Responsibility: President Hassan publicly authorizes continued violence against civilians
Death toll disputed (10-700), internet blackout continues, curfew in effect. Fear of nighttime killings. International condemnation grows but concrete action lacking. Tanzania descends deeper into humanitarian crisis.
IMMEDIATE NEED: ICC referral, targeted sanctions, arms embargo, peacekeeping deployment
Who Controls What: The Architecture of Repression
The October 29, 2025, general elections in Tanzania were not elections at all—they were a coronation orchestrated through systematic repression. President Samia Suluhu Hassan was declared winner with nearly 98% of the vote in an election that:
The European Union condemned the election as a "fraud unfolding for months." UN human rights experts documented over 200 cases of enforced disappearance since 2019, with escalation in the lead-up to the polls.
Following the fraudulent election, Tanzanian security forces have unleashed brutal violence against peaceful protesters across the country. The scale of the massacre remains contested due to the information blackout, but credible sources report:
UN Secretary-General António Guterres has called for "a thorough and impartial investigation into all allegations of excessive use of force" and deplored the loss of life.
The post-election massacre did not occur in a vacuum. It represents the culmination of months—indeed years—of systematic human rights violations:
Based on documented evidence and the comprehensive dossier "Watu Hatari Tanzania" (Dangerous People of Tanzania), the following individuals bear direct responsibility for crimes against humanity currently unfolding in Tanzania.
This section identifies key perpetrators and the specific international crimes for which they may be prosecuted under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court. Below are the most senior responsible individuals.
Access the complete documented list of all 83 individuals with detailed evidence of their actions and applicable ICC charges.
The following section provides detailed profiles of the most senior individuals bearing direct command responsibility:
The full report contains detailed profiles of all 83 individuals organized by:
Under the Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court, crimes against humanity are defined as acts committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack directed against any civilian population, with knowledge of the attack.
The following acts constitute crimes against humanity when committed as part of a widespread or systematic attack:
Widespread Attack: The violence has occurred across multiple regions—Dar es Salaam, Mwanza, Shinyanga, Morogoro, Arusha—affecting thousands of civilians. The death toll ranging from 10 to 700, combined with systematic disappearances exceeding 200 cases, demonstrates the widespread nature of the attack.
Systematic Attack: The attack follows an organizational pattern: (1) Pre-election suppression of opposition through disappearances and torture; (2) Fraudulent elections excluding opposition; (3) Coordinated deployment of security forces; (4) Information blackout; (5) Curfew enforcement; (6) Denial and disinformation campaign. This demonstrates systematic planning and execution.
Directed Against Civilian Population: The primary targets are civilians—peaceful protesters, opposition supporters, activists, and journalists. The attack specifically targets those exercising fundamental rights to political participation and freedom of expression.
Knowledge of the Attack: The perpetrators acted with full knowledge. President Hassan's public statements justifying security actions, the coordinated nature of the crackdown, and the systematic denial by government officials demonstrate knowledge of the broader attack.
Superior responsibility applies where:
This applies to President Hassan, security chiefs, and police commanders who command forces committing atrocities yet fail to prevent or punish them—instead publicly justifying the violence.
The massacre unfolding in Tanzania demands immediate, coordinated international response. Every hour of delay costs more innocent lives. The international community must act decisively through multiple mechanisms:
THE TIME FOR ACTION IS NOW
NOT TOMORROW. NOT NEXT WEEK. NOW.
Tanzania stands at a crossroads. The path currently being traveled leads only to more bloodshed, more repression, and the complete collapse of the democratic aspirations of 68 million Tanzanians. History will judge not only the perpetrators of these crimes but also the international community's response—or lack thereof.
The documentation is comprehensive. UN agencies, Amnesty International, Human Rights Watch, and other credible sources have meticulously documented the pattern of crimes: over 200 enforced disappearances, systematic torture, extrajudicial killings, and now a massacre that may have claimed hundreds of lives. The perpetrators have been identified. Their roles in the command structure are clear. The legal framework for prosecution exists.
Rwanda taught us that massacres do not stop on their own. They escalate. What begins with beatings and disappearances ends in mass graves. Every hour of international inaction emboldens the perpetrators and costs more innocent lives. The Tanzanian people—protesters, opposition supporters, activists—are being murdered for exercising fundamental rights. Their blood stains the hands not only of their killers but of every leader who remains silent.
The tools exist: targeted sanctions, arms embargoes, ICC prosecution, UN intervention. What has been lacking is political will. But political will is not abstract—it is the aggregate of individual decisions by leaders who must choose between convenience and conscience, between realpolitik and basic humanity.
To African Leaders: You who speak so eloquently of Pan-Africanism and solidarity—where is your solidarity with the people of Tanzania? The African Union's silence is deafening. Break it. Prove that African institutions can protect African people.
To Western Democracies: Your statements condemning the violence ring hollow without action. Impose the sanctions. Lead the ICC referral. Use the leverage you possess. Democracy and human rights cannot be selective values—convenient when geopolitics align, ignored when they do not.
To the United Nations: You were created precisely for moments like this—when state violence threatens peace and security. The Responsibility to Protect is not merely a doctrine; it is a moral imperative. Tanzania's government has manifestly failed to protect its population. The international community must act.
To Civil Society: Your documentation, advocacy, and courage keep hope alive. Continue bearing witness. Continue demanding justice. History shows that sustained pressure—from below and from outside—can break even the most entrenched tyrannies.
To the People of Tanzania: Your courage in the face of bullets is inspiring the world. You are not alone. Your sacrifice will not be forgotten. Justice may be delayed but it will come—for every disappearance, every torture victim, every life taken.
The Perpetrators Must Know: There will be accountability. International justice moves slowly, but it moves inexorably. Those giving orders today will face trial tomorrow. Those pulling triggers will not escape. The evidence is being preserved. The witnesses are speaking. The wheels of justice are turning.
The world is watching. History is recording. And the Tanzanian people are dying.
ENOUGH IS ENOUGH